Vibration: An oscillation, or repeating back-and-forth motion, about an equilibrium position.
Wave: A "wiggle in space and time", a disturbance that repeats regularly in space and time and that is transmitted progressively from one place to the next with no actual transport of matter.
Wave period: The time in seconds between successive wave crests as they pass a stationary point on the ocean surface, such as a buoy.
Crests: One f the places in a wave where the wave is highest or the disturbance is greatest.
Troughs: One of the places in a wave where the wave is lowest, or the disturbance is greatest, in the opposite direction from a crest.
Amplitude: The distance from the midpoint to the maximum (crest) of a wave or, equivalently, from the midpoint to the minimum (through).
Wavelength: The distance from the top of the crest pf a wave to the top of the following crest, or equivalently, the distance between successive identical parts of a wave.
Frequency: The number of events per time; measured in hertz (or events per time). inverse period.
Hertz: The SI unit of frequency. One hertz (Hz) is one vibration per second.
Transverse waves: A wave with vibration at right angles to the direction the wave is traveling.
Longitudinal waves: A wave in witch the vibration is in the same direction as that in witch the wave is traveling, rather than at right angles to it.
Doppler effect: A change in frequency of a wave due to the motion of the source or of the receiver.
Blue Shift: The displacement of the spectrum to shorter wavelengths in the light coming from distant celestial objects moving toward the observer.
Red shift: A decrease in the measured frequency of light from a receding source, called the red shift because the decrease is towards the low frequency, or red, end of the color spectrum.
Shock Wave: A cone shaped wave produced by an object moving supersonic seep through a fluid.
Sonic boom: A loud explosive noise caused by the shock wave from an aircraft traveling faster than the speed of sound.